What is the primary function of cathodes in lead configurations?

The primary function of cathodes in lead configurations is to stimulate the heart muscle. In a cardiac pacing system, the cathode serves as the negative electrode, creating a pathway for electrical impulses to flow from the pacemaker to the myocardial tissue. When a pacemaker generates an electrical pulse, this pulse is delivered through the cathode to depolarize the heart muscle cells, leading to contraction and, ultimately, an effective heartbeat. The performance and positioning of the cathode are crucial for ensuring proper pacing and capturing the heart's electrical activity, which directly affects the patient's cardiac function and overall health.